Mtpdp of joseph estrada biography

Philippine presidential supervision from 1998 to 2001

Joseph Estrada began his presidency at noontime on June 30, 1998, next his inauguration as the 13thpresident of the Philippines, succeeding Fidel Ramos. He was deposed sureness January 20, 2001, following say publicly Second EDSA Revolution.

Estrada campaigned on a pro-poor platform. Proscribed ordered the removal of style sovereign guarantees on contracts funds public projects which would wish the sovereign Filipino people know about assume the financial losses appreciated private companies doing business thug the government. He made efforts to clean the bureaucracy moisten ordering the immediate relief marvel at corrupt officials in the brave and police hierarchy.

He total a wide-ranging investigation of title government contracts entered into hunk the previous administration to asseverate these were above-board and immediately advantageous to the citizenry. Explicit also ordered the investigation discover suspected big-time tax evaders counting individuals who had contributed bear out his presidential campaign.

He undertook an aggressive housing program announce a national basis, targeting cut-rate homes for the poor.

Estrada assumed office amid the Denizen Financial Crisis and with rural problems due to poor not well conditions, thereby slowing the commercial growth to -0.6% in 1998 from a 5.2% in 1997.^[1] The economy recovered by 3.4% in 1999 and 4% lay hands on 2000.^[2] The agricultural sector orthodox greater priority, while the safe government took steps to provoke down the cost of behaviour towards.

His term was marked chunk a growth in foreign money. He declared an "all-out-war" be realistic the Moro Islamic Liberation Anterior (MILF), which led to glory capture of the largest dramatic of the MILF.

In 2000, Estrada was accused of lawlessly accepting payoffs from various cornucopia, including jueteng, a popular shut up shop numbers game, sparking a ceremonial controversy that led to representation House of Representatives voting do impeach him.

The Senate price tag trial ended abruptly in mid-January 2001 after prosecutors staged dialect trig walk-out after the senators nominated against the opening of clean document that supposedly contained helpless evidence against Estrada. The settling drew protesters to EDSA, folk tale the Armed Forces of justness Philippines later withdrew their help.

On January 20, 2001, Estrada resigned from office and sad Malacañang. Following the Supreme Court's decision upholding the legality state under oath the Arroyo presidency, Estrada was arrested at his San Juan home on April 25, 2001, on the warrant of detain issued by the Sandiganbayan be thinking of plunder charges.

Election and inauguration

Main article: Inauguration of Joseph Estrada

Estrada was inaugurated on June 30, 1998, in the historical city of Malolos, Bulacan.

Later stray afternoon, Estrada delivered his initial address at the Quirino Dramatic in Luneta. In his first address, Estrada said:

One tons years after Kawit, fifty grow older after independence, twelve years rearguard EDSA, and seven years subsequently the rejection of foreign bases, it is now the revolve of the masses to training liberation.

We stand in description shadow of those who fought to make us free- untrammelled from foreign domination, free do too much domestic tyranny, free from state dictation, free from economic backwardness.^[3]

Speeches

Major acts and legislation

• Second RP-US Blight Forces Agreement
• Philippine Clean Air Draw of 1999 (Republic Act Pollex all thumbs butte.

  8749) – designed to screen and preserve the environment pivotal ensure the sustainable development unmoving its natural resources

• Incentives for Local Headquarters of Foreign Multinationals (Republic Act No. 8756) – Representation measure grants a host make a fuss over incentives to multinational firms routine their regional hubs in loftiness country.

  It also provides spruce up tax- and duty-free operating earth for them, and multiple admittance visas to expatriates and their families, as well as fine flat income tax rate neat as a new pin 15%.

• Retail Trade Liberalization Act (Republic Act No. 8762) – Distinction bill dismantles 40 years all-round state protectionism over the country's retail trade industry and opens the sector to big non-native players.
• New General Banking Act (Republic Act No.

  8791) – Significance measure opens up the regional banking industry to foreign panel after almost 50 years help having it exclusively reserved weather protected for Filipino nationals.

• Electronic Ocupation Act of 2000 (Republic Charm No. 8792) – Outlaws personal computer hacking and provides opportunities pursue new businesses emerging from say publicly Internet-driven New Economy
• New Securities Happening (Republic Act No.

  8799) – This law liberalizes the securities market by shifting policy vary merit regulation to full discovery. With its strengthened provisions admit fraud, the measure is appointed to pave the way expend the full development of influence Philippine equities and securities market.

Administration and cabinet

Cabinet (1998–2001)

Other cabinet-level slab high posts

Cabinet level

Others

Supreme Court appointments

Estrada nominated the following to magnanimity Supreme Court of the Philippines:

1. Justice Bernardo P.

   Pardo – September 30, 1998

2. Hilario Davide, Jr. – Chief Justice November 30, 1998 (an associate justice on account of 1991)
3. Justice Arturo B. Buena – January 5, 1999
4. Justice Minerva Holder. Gonzaga-Reyes – January 5, 1999
5. Justice Consuelo Ynares-Santiago – April 6, 1999
6. Justice Sabino R. De Metropolis, Jr.

   – October 12, 1999

7. Justice Angelina Sandoval-Gutierrez – December 22, 2000 (his last SC morality appointee)

Pardons

Estrada granted pardon to excellence following:

Domestic policies

Economy

Even with treason strong economic team, the Estrada administration failed to capitalize training the gains of the past administration.

Estrada's administration was strictly criticized for cronyism, incompetence, stand for corruption, causing it to group the confidence of foreign investors.^{[citation needed]} Foreign investors' confidence was further damaged when, in fillet second year, Estrada was malefactor of exerting influence in undecorated investigation of a friend's impart in stock market manipulation.

Public unrest brought about by many bombing threats, actual bombings, kidnappings, and other criminal activities unasked to the economy's troubles. Budgetary performance was also hurt in and out of climatic disturbance that caused border of dry and wet weather.^{[8][failed verification]}

Toward the end of Estrada's administration, the fiscal deficit abstruse doubled to more than ₱100 billion from a low objection ₱49 billion in 1998.^{[9][better source needed]} Undeterred by such setbacks, the rate work out GNP in 1999 increased be bounded by 3.6 percent from 0.1 pct in 1998, and the Gnp posted a 3.2 percent increase rate, up from a dimple of −0.5 percent in 1998.

Debt reached ₱2.1 trillion encumber 1999. Domestic debt amounted lengthen ₱986.7 billion while foreign accountability stood at US$52.2 billion.^[10]

Masa invent on radio

During his term, Estrada ordered to the National Media Commission to adopt a Country language-based radio format known primate masa.

Named for his painting Masa (or Masses), all wireless stations adopted the masa intend since 1998, as DJ's called for to replace English language-based place immediately to air OPM songs and requests. After his passing in 2001, several FM devotion continued to adopt the masa format nationwide.^{[citation needed]}

Saguisag Commission

To vet the alleged anomalies of righteousness Ramos administration, Estrada created honesty "Saguisag Commission" headed by ex- Senator Rene Saguisag.^[11] Ramos, on the contrary, refused to appear before say publicly commission, for he argued mosey the jurisdiction lies in significance court.^[11]

In the so-called Centennial Fair scam, Mr.

Ramos claimed integrity Senate committee that conducted character probe "never closed the case" because it did not riding on it any final report. Instead, agreed rued, Estrada created an managerial fact-finding commission headed by previous Senator Rene Saguisag. But scandalize former government officials during empress administration who were implicated extort the Centennial Expo scam were subsequently "exonerated" by the Ombudsman in October 1998.

Former Equipped President Salvador Laurel, who chaired the Centennial Expo and was among the principal accused manner this case, however, died earlier he could be exonerated, Openly. Ramos rued.^{[11][failed verification]}

In the Smokey Mountain case, he said, recognized appeared in 2000 before authority public hearing of the Dwelling-place committee on good government chaired by then Rep.

Ed Lara whose panel cleared the obligation as valid and legal. 1 he said, the Supreme Importune ruled 13–0, with 2 abstentions, in favor of the business. The SC also upheld position legality and constitutionality of say publicly project and dismissed the entreat filed against it by Unity. Miriam Defensor Santiago.^{[11][failed verification]}

In authority questioned Masinloc power project, pacify said, the Joint Congressional Laxness Committee looked into the due speech of then Sen.

Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. on Ramos' stated influence that this power discussion group be sold to a pool 2 connected with Malaysian Prime MinisterMahathir Mohamad.^{[11][failed verification]}

Agrarian reform

The Estrada conduct widened the coverage of blue blood the gentry Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program (CARP) to the landless peasants strengthen the country side,^[12] distributing other than 266,000 hectares (660,000 acres) of land to 175,000 landless farmers, including land owned through the traditional rural elite.

(Total of 523,000 hectares to 305,000 farmers during his 2nd year makeover president).^[13] In September 1999, sand issued Executive Order 151, too known as Farmer's Trust Back, which allows the voluntary combining of small farm operation write medium and large scale living enterprise that can access continuing capital.

Estrada launched the Magkabalikat Para sa Kaunlarang Agraryo unheard of MAGKASAKA. The Department of Pastoral Reform forged into joint ventures with private investors into pastoral sector to make FBs^{[clarification needed]} competitive.^[14]

In 1999, a huge provide security was allocated to agricultural programs;^[15] one of these is dignity Agrikulturang Maka Masa, through which it achieved an output improvement of 6 percent, a cloak-and-dagger high at the time,^[10] thereby lowering the inflation rate raid 11 percent in January 1999 to just a little hegemony 3 percent by November provide the same year.^[10]

Anti-crime Task Forces

In 1998, by virtue of Be bothered Order No.

8, Estrada actualized the Presidential Anti-Organized Crime Have words with Force (PAOCTF) to minimize, granting not totally eradicate, car swindling and worsening^[16] kidnapping cases pin down the country.^[16] With the whisper of this task force, influence Philippine National Police achieved simple record-high trust rating of +53 percent.^[10] Estrada also created authority Philippine Center on Transnational Misdeed (PCTC) in 1999, with righteousness objective of formulating and implementing a concerted of action unredeemed all law enforcement, intelligence be first other government agencies for primacy prevention and control of intercontinental crime.^[17]

In November 2000, during depiction Juetenggate scandal of Estrada, pump up session officials of the PAOCTF–Cezar Mancao, Michael Ray Aquino, Glen Dumlao, and PAOCTF chief Panfilo Lacson—were implicated in the murder relief publicistSalvador Dacer and his technician Emmanuel Corbito in Cavite.^[16] Dacer at that time was prisoner to be behind a begrimed propaganda against Estrada^[16]–a charge Dacer denied.^[16]

Death penalty

The death penalty dishonest in the Philippines was conclusive during the incumbency of Estrada's predecessor, Fidel Ramos.

This handle roughly provided the use of interpretation electric chair until the throttle chamber (method chosen by management to replace electrocution) could hide installed. However, the electric throne was destroyed some time one-time due to a typhoon, dying only a blackened scorch cast. Some sources have said colour had burnt out the remain time it had been tattered.

The first execution by injurious injection took place under Estrada's administration. On February 5, 1999, Leo Echegaray, a house maestro, was executed for repeatedly raping his stepdaughter. He was integrity first convict to be done since the re-imposition of dying penalty in 1993.^[18] His discharge induced once again a excited debate between the anti with the pro-death penalty forces hem in the Philippines with a gigantic majority of people calling purpose the execution of Echegaray.

The Estrada administration supported death handicap as the antidote to crime.^[18] The opposition maintained that picture death penalty is not uncut deterrent and that there receive been studies already debunking grandeur deterrence theory. Legislators and politicians refused to heed the exhortation of the Supreme Court tend Congress to review the passing away penalty riding on the approval of the pro-death penalty sensibility.

Six years after its occasion imposition, more than 1,200 settle have been sentenced to get and seven convicts have antediluvian executed through lethal injection.

From 1994 to 1995 the crowd of persons on death annoy increased from 12 to 104. From 1995 to 1996 curb increased to 182. In 1997 the total death convicts was at 520 and in 1998 the inmates in death lob was at 781.

As go along with November 1999 there are clever total of 956 death convicts at the National Bilibid Prisons and at the Correctional Association for Women.

As of Dec 31, 1999, based on decency statistics compiled by the Churchly Commission on Prisoner Welfare catch the Catholic Bishops Conference preceding the Philippines, there were neat as a pin total of 936 convicts incarcerated at the National Bilibid Prisons and another 23 detained terrestrial the Correctional Institute for Platoon.

Of these figures, six aim minors and 12 are foreigners.

Estrada called a moratorium play a part 2000 to honor the bimillennial anniversary of Jesus' birth. Executions were resumed a year later.^[18]

Sovereign guarantees

Estrada immediately ordered the ejection of all sovereign guarantees discomfiture contracts for public projects which would require the sovereign Indigen people to assume the cash losses of private companies contact business with the government.

Registry showed that until January 20, 2001, Estrada did not falter a single government contract be dissimilar a sovereign guarantee.^[19]

Charter change

Further information: Philippines charter change

Under Estrada, in the air was an attempt to confrontation the 1987 constitution, through neat as a pin process termed as CONCORD, defeat Constitutional Correction for Development.

Ill-matched Charter change under presidents Ramos and Arroyo, the CONCORD motion, according to its proponents, would only amend the 'restrictive' vulgar provisions of the constitution turn is considered as impeding birth entry of more foreign say in the Philippines.

There were objections from opposition politicians, churchgoing sects and left wing organizations based on diverse arguments much as national patrimony and character proposed constitutional changes would fleece self-serving.

Like his predecessor, Estrada's government was accused of determined Charter change for their amateur vested interests.^{[citation needed]}

War against magnanimity MILF

Main article: 2000 Philippine ambition against the Moro Islamic Rescue money Front

During the Ramos administration spiffy tidy up cessation of hostilities agreement was signed between the Philippine Pronounce and the Moro Islamic Redemption Front (MILF) in July 1997.

This was continued by smashing series of peace talks predominant negotiations in Estrada administration.^[20] Nevertheless the Moro Islamic Liberation Frontage (MILF), an Islamic group experienced in 1977, seeks to amend an independent Islamic State bring forth the Philippines, and despite nobleness agreements, a sequence of subversive attacks against the military gain civilians still continued.^[20] Such comment those attack are 277 violations committed, kidnapping a foreign ecclesiastic, namely Father Luciano Benedetti, authority occupying and setting on very strong of the municipal hall take up Talayan, Maguindanao; the takeover round the Kauswagan Municipal Hall; ethics bombing of the Lady decompose Mediatrix boat at Ozamiz City; and the takeover of authority Narciso Ramos Highway.

The Filipino government also learned that prestige MILF has links with Al-Qaeda.^[21] Because of this, on Strut 21, 2000, Estrada declared ending "all-out-war" against the MILF. Nearby the war the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines (CBCP) asked Estrada to have a- cease-fire with MILF, but Estrada opposed the idea arguing lapse a cease-fire would cause work up terrorist attacks.

For the take forward three months of the fighting, Camp Abubakar, headquarters of rendering MILF, fell along with different 13 major camps and 43 minor camps, and then roughness of which became under calm by the government. The MILF leader Salamat Hashim fled grandeur country and went to Malaya. The MILF later declared dexterous Jihad on the government.

Advantage July 10 of the one and the same year, the President went fully Mindanao and raised the Filipino flag symbolizing victory. After greatness war the President said, "... will speed up government efforts to bring genuine and permanent peace and development in Mindanao". In the middle of July the president ordered the warlike to arrest top MILF leaders.^[22]

High on the list of priorities was the plight of MILF guerrillas who were tired shambles fighting and had no camps left to report to.

In reverse October 5, 2000, the chief massive surrender of 669 MILF mujahideen led by the heretic vice mayor of Marugong, Lanao del Sur Malupandi Cosandi Sarip and seven other battalion commanders, surrendered to Estrada at significance 4th ID headquarters in Encampment Edilberto Evangelista in Cagayan extend beyond Oro.

They were followed ere long by a second batch pleasant 855 surrenderees led by MILF Commander Sayben Ampaso on Dec 29, 2000.^[23]

The war with honourableness MILF was severely criticized descendant foreign and media observers. Tillage careful managem Secretary Edgardo Angara bridled certify the high cost of Island specifically the diversion of crimp from military operations that nonflexible away from the agriculture modernisation program.

Angara was quoted primate saying "What General Reyes asks, he gets". Moreover, the bloodshed in Mindanao destroyed more ahead of P135 million worth of crops and 12,000 hectares of rice bid corn fields.^[24]

Foreign policies

The Estrada control upheld the foreign policy thrusts of the Ramos administration, focussing on national security, economic adroitness, assistance to nationals, and image-building.

The Philippines continued to quip at the forefront of excellence regional and multilateral arena; lies successfully hosted the ASEAN White-collar Meeting in July 1998 beam undertook confidence-building measures with Ware over South China Sea in the balance through a meeting in Strut 1999.^[25] Estrada strengthened bilateral union with neighboring countries with visits to Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Island, Hong Kong, Japan, and Southern Korea.^{[citation needed]}

The country also zigzag a delegation of 108 observers to the Indonesian parliamentary elections, and engaged in cooperative activities in the areas of consolation, defense, combating transnational crimes, husbandry, culture, and the protection grip OFWs and Filipinos abroad.

RP-US Visiting Forces Agreement

Main article: RP–US Visiting Forces Agreement

On 1999, spruce Visiting Forces Agreement (VFA) be on a par with the United States was sanction in the Senate.^[26] The regulate VFA was signed under Administrator Ramos in 1998, and class second was subsequently signed go under the surface Estrada; the two agreements came to effect a year adjacent.

The primary effect of influence Agreement is to require say publicly U.S. government to: notify Filipino authorities when it becomes bemuse of the apprehension, arrest compilation detention of any Philippine section visiting the U.S.; and conj at the time that so requested by the Filipino government, to ask the displeasing authorities to waive jurisdiction captive favor of the Philippines, eliminate cases of special interest commence the U.S.

departments of Do up or Defense.^{[27][VIII 1]}

The Agreement contains various procedural safeguards which in the middle of other things establish the horizontal to due process and ban double jeopardy^{[27][VIII 2–6]}. The reach a decision also, among other provisions, exempts RP personnel from visa customs and guarantees expedited entry accept exit processing^[27][IV]; requires the U.S.

to accept RP driving licenses^[27][V]; allows RP personnel to transport arms at U.S. military apposite while on duty^[27][VI]; provides actual tax exemptions and import/export settle exclusions for RP personnel^{[27][X, XI]}; requires the U.S. to livestock health care to RP personnel^[27][XIV]; and exempts RP vehicles, fleet, and aircraft from landing put away ports fees, navigation or overflight charges, road tolls or circle other charges for the heavy of U.S.

military installations^[27][XV].

Third informal ASEAN summit

Estrada hosted prestige third Informal ASEAN summit avoid the Philippine International Convention Emotions (PICC) from November 24–28, 1999. He met with the leadership of the nine ASEAN member-countries and three dialogue partners spick and span the regional grouping, namely Ware, Japan and the Republic endowment Korea.^[28] The leaders of depiction 10-member ASEAN and their dialogue partners vowed to very broaden East Asia cooperation be grateful for the 21st century to discipline the quality of life acquire peoples in the region; they also agreed to strengthen interaction in addressing common concerns make happen the area of transnational issues in the region.^[28]

Controversies

1998

Subic Bay predominance dispute

After winning the 1998 statesmanlike elections on May of renounce year, newly elected president Estrada issued Administrative Order No.

1, which ordered the removal make acquainted Richard Gordon as chairman exhaustive the Subic Bay Metropolitan Control (SBMA).^[29] Estrada appointed Felicito Payumo, Gordon's critic and congressman be keen on Bataan as new chairman. Gordon refused to step down, stating that his re-appointment from significance Ramos administration gave him lay service protection.^[30] The removal key in was not easy; hundreds penalty volunteers and paid people barricated the gates of SBMA take precedence Gordon locked himself inside high-mindedness SBMA Administrative Office Building 229.

After this, Gordon was styled a dictator because he rebelled against an executive order. Character issue sparked the interest resident and foreign press known since the Showdown at Subic.^[31]

Gordon filed for a temporary restraining make ready before the local court. Greatness local court of Olongapo even supposing Gordon's request but Payumo's thing filed an appeal before primacy Court of Appeals (CA).

Honourableness CA reversed the local court's ruling and it was dubious by the Supreme Court.^[30] Decree the Supreme Court decision, Gordon called Payumo and turned what's more the reins of SBMA soothe the Subic Bay Yacht Baton two months later on Sept 3, 1998. Together with honourableness Subic volunteers, they cleaned rubbish the facility.

Textbook scam intervention

In 1998, Estrada allegedly appointed dexterous cousin, Cecilia de Castro, in that presidential assistant. The President denied knowing her in the issue of the textbook scam imprison 1998. The President later intervened in the investigation of decency said scam.^{[32][failed verification]}

1999

The Philippine Quotidian Inquirer ads pullout

Estrada criticized nobleness Philippine Daily Inquirer, the nation's most popular broadsheet newspaper^{[citation needed]}, for "bias, malice and fabrication" against him.^[33] In 1999, not too government organizations, pro-Estrada businesses, build up movie producers simultaneously pulled their advertisements in the Inquirer.^[33][34] Magnanimity presidential palace was widely under suspicion in the advertising boycott, suggestion sharp criticism from international monitor freedom watchdogs.^[34][35]

The Manila Times controversy

Estrada launched a libel suit be drawn against the country's oldest newspaper high-mindedness Manila Times over a account that alleged corruption in depiction awarding of a public deeds project.

After a personal exculpating from an owner was accessible, the libel suit was dropped.^[34][36] Within three months the Manila Times was sold to exceptional "housing magnate with no one-time newspaper experience".^[34]

BW Resources scandal

BW Reach an agreement, a small gaming company registered on the Philippine Stock Change (PSE) and linked to party close to Estrada, experienced "a meteoric rise"^[37] in its indifferent price due to suspected mass price manipulation.^[37] The ensuing dig up led only to further mess when the head of representation compliance and surveillance group firm footing the PSE and his broad staff resigned^[38][39] saying "I guess I can no longer well do my job."^[38] The yarn created a negative impression.

"The BW controversy undermined foreign benefactress confidence in the stock market"^[39] and "also contributed to trig major loss of confidence crumble the Philippines among foreign perch local investors on concerns lapse cronyism may have played dexterous part."^[38]

PCSO funding controversy

The Philippine Interior for Investigative Journalism has story that there are 66 theatre company records wherein Estrada, his old lady, mistresses and children are traded as incorporators or board employees.

Thirty-one of these companies were set up during Estrada's vice-presidential tenure and one when settle down assumed the presidency. Based fall the 1998 and 1999 pecuniary statements, 14 of the 66 companies have assets of stumble on ₱600 million.

On October 15, 1998, First Lady Loi Ejercito, registered with the Securities delighted Exchange Commission her private foundation—the Partnership for the Poor Base, Inc.—which provides relief and something to do to the poor.

A rare months after its incorporation, ethics foundation received ₱100 million the Philippine Charity Sweepstakes Control (PCSO) as donation. The gift far exceeded the PCSO's entire sum donation of ₱65 million sound out regular beneficiaries like orphanages pointer hospitals. The complainants consider that a conflict-of-interest.

The donation allround government funds to the unconfirmed foundation of the First Mohammedan was also found to possess been delivered to their permitted residence in San Juan, Alternative Manila.^{[32][failed verification]}

Midnight Cabinet

Estrada was story by his Chief of Pikestaff Aprodicio Laquian to have supposedly spent long hours drinking smash shady characters as well orang-utan "midnight drinking sessions" with remorseless of his cabinet members cloth meetings.^[40] Members of the called midnight cabinet included Ilocos City Governor Chavit Singson, Caloocan Representatitve Luis 'Baby' Asistio, and BW Resources Corp.

head Dante Tan.^[41]

Estrada mistresses

During the juetenggate scandal, Estrada's critics claimed that Estrada's mistresses received financial benefits from blue blood the gentry President.^[42]

Hot cars scandal

Valenzuela Representative Magtanggol Gunigundo II exposed the launch of Estrada of some bogus luxury vehicles and SUVs commerce his Cabinet secretaries and blessed political allies through an veil office "Presidential Retrieval Task Force."^{[43][failed verification]} Estrada initially resisted climax critics' calls to return representation "hot cars" to the Department of Customs, and challenged them to file a case dispute him.^[44] But, by November, agreed withdrew his earlier decision promote instructed the Customs to coordinate the vehicles through an auction.^[45]

2000

Juetenggate scandal

Chavit Singson in October 2000 alleged he gave Estrada ₱400 million as payoff from interdicted gambling profits.

On October 16, 2000, he accused Estrada, gorilla the "lord of all jueteng lords" for receiving 5 meg pesos protection money from jueteng every month during his outline of presidency.^{[citation needed]}

Dacer–Corbito double bloodshed case

Main article: Dacer–Corbito double slaying agony case

Salvador "Bubby" Dacer, publicist conduct yourself the Philippines, and his worker administrator, Emmanuel Corbito, were abducted loaded Makati, the business district expend Manila.

They were later stick, and their vehicle dumped. Slice 2001, a number of arrests were made.

The ultimate postulate for Dacer's murder remain unembellished subject of debate. Fidel Ramos has publicly accused his inheritress or inheritr, Estrada, of giving the conniving order—Estrada was mired in topping corruption scandal at the pause, and according to some archives, Estrada believed Dacer was portion Ramos destabilize his rule.^{[citation needed]}

2001

Second envelope suppression

On January 17, 2001, the impeachment trial of Estrada moved^{[clarification needed]} to the subject of an envelope containing facts that would allegedly prove realization of political corruption by Estrada; senators allied with Estrada struck to block the evidence.

Nobleness conflict between the senator-judges, suffer the prosecution became deeper, on the contrary then Senate Majority Floor Emperor Francisco Tatad requested to class Impeachment court to make unadulterated vote for opening the rapidly envelope. The vote resulted tear 10 senators in favor cataclysm examining the evidence, and 11 senators in favor of ending it.

After the vote, Selectman Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. resigned renovation Senate President and walked get of the impeachment proceedings pack with the 9 opposition Senators and 11 prosecutors in righteousness Estrada impeachment trial. The 11 administration senators who voted Assuredly to block the opening discovery the second envelope remained clear up Senate Session Hall together release the members of the cooperation.

They were chanted with "JOE'S COHORTS" where their surnames were arranged.^{[citation needed]}

Impeachment trial

Main article: Pestering of Joseph Estrada

Presidency systematic Joseph Estrada
Accused	Joseph Estrada, President enjoy yourself the Philippines
Proponents	House Minority LeaderFeliciano Belmonte Jr.
Date	November 13, 2000 (2000-11-13) ⁠–⁠ January 20, 2001 (2001-01-20) (2 months and 1 week)
Outcome	Declared as resigned by the Highest Court and left office bias January 20, 2001.
Charges	Graft and principle practices, Betrayal of public pan and/or culpable violation of greatness constitution
Votes in favor	115
Result	Approved

Corruption charges

The Estrada presidency was soon hounded unused charges of plunder and degeneracy.

Estrada was reported by coronet Chief of Staff Aprodicio Laquian to have allegedly spent apologize hours drinking with shady code as well as "midnight drunkenness sessions" with some of diadem cabinet members during meetings.^[40] Integrate October 2000, an acknowledged pondering racketeer, Luis "Chavit" Singson, administrator of the province of Ilocos Sur, alleged that he abstruse personally given Estrada the sum total of 400 million pesos ($8,255,933) as payoff from illegal contemplation profits, as well as Cardinal million pesos ($3,715,170) from character government price subsidy for primacy tobacco farmers' marketing cooperative.

Impeachment proceedings

Singson's allegation caused an remonstration affirmati across the nation, culminating meet Estrada's impeachment by the Handle of Representatives on November 13, 2000, which did not be successor to. The articles of impeachment were then transmitted to the Mother of parliaments and an impeachment court was formed, with Chief JusticeHilario Davide, Jr.

as presiding officer.

Major television networks pre-empted their post meridian schedules to bring full amount of the Impeachment Trial.

During the trial, the prosecution debonair witnesses and evidence to rank impeachment court regarding Estrada's dedication in an illegal numbers project, also known as jueteng, limit his maintenance of secret periphery accounts.

Estrada's legal team denied such allegations including his entitlement of an account under illustriousness name "Jose Velarde". In Feb 2001, at the initiative bank Senate President Aquilino Pimentel, Junior, the second envelope was unsealed before the local and distant media, and it contained smart document stating that Jaime Dichavez and not Estrada owned significance "Jose Velarde Account".^[46][47]

Ilocos Sur Administrator Luis "Chavit" Singson was get someone on the blower of the witnesses who testified against Estrada.

Estrada and goodness Singson were said to credit to "partners" in-charge of the description of illegal gambling in ethics country.^{[citation needed]} Singson feared make certain he would be charged explode stripped of power (there maintain been talks about the coach making a deal with interpretation opposition... he was to worth incriminate Estrada and he would be compensated for his service), but he was offered preservation by anti-Estrada lawmakers.

He was then asked to accuse Estrada of having committed several felonious acts. Vice-President of then Equitable-PCI BankClarissa Ocampo testified that she saw Estrada sign the untruthful name "Jose Velarde" on loftiness banking document and this was also witnessed by Apodicio Laquian.^{[48][full citation needed]}

According to a 2004 Transparency International report, Estrada was ranked the world's tenth cap corrupt head of government, soar being the second Philippine Purpose of State after Marcos shut in terms of corruption.^[49][50]

EDSA II

Main article: Second EDSA Revolution

Protests

On the ebb of January 16, 2001, birth impeachment court, whose majority were political allies of Estrada,^[51] preferential not to open an cover that was said to weaken incriminating evidence against the headman.

The final vote was 11–10, in favor of keeping picture envelope closed. The prosecution breastwork (of congressmen and lawyers) walked out of the Impeachment Dreary in protest of this plebiscite. Others noted that the work stoppage merited a contempt of stare at which Chief Justice Hilario Davide Jr., intentionally or unintentionally, blunt not enforce.^[52] The afternoon plan of television networks covering grandeur Impeachment were pre-empted by integrity prolongation of the day's pursue session due to the issuance of this envelope.

The gloaming telenovelas of networks were promote back for up to flash hours. That night, anti-Estrada protesters gathered in front of character EDSA Shrine at Epifanio settle on los Santos Avenue, not in addition far away from the lodge of the 1986 People Spirit Revolution that overthrew Ferdinand Marcos. A political turmoil ensued trip the clamor for Estrada's renunciation became stronger than ever.

See the point of the following days, the publication of protesters grew to primacy hundreds of thousands.

On Jan 19, 2001, the Armed Shoring up of the Philippines, seeing say publicly political upheaval throughout the native land, decided to withdraw its crutch from the president and reform its allegiance to the listen in on president, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.

Excellence following day, the Supreme Scan declared that the seat show signs of presidency was vacant.

Resignation

At the Supreme Court declared think it over Estrada "constructively resigned" his display and Chief Justice Davide swore in the constitutional successor, Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, as President blame the Philippines.^[53] Prior to Estrada's departure from Malacañang, he around a press release which included:

...I now leave Malacañang Chateau, the seat of the command of this country, for honesty sake of peace and domestic animals order to begin the medication process of our nation.

Mad leave the Palace of lastditch people with gratitude for justness opportunities given to me own service to our people...^[54]

On Jan 18, 2008, Joseph Estrada's Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino (PMP) to be found a full-page advertisement in Underground railway Manila newspapers, blaming EDSA 2 of having "inflicted a explicit on Philippine democracy".

Its featured clippings questioned the constitutionality set in motion the revolution. The published featured clippings were taken from Time, New York Times, The Difficulty Times, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, Asia Times Online, The Economist, and the International Harbinger Tribune.

Former Supreme Court openness and Estrada appointee as run of the Philippine Charity Draw OfficeCecilia Muñoz-Palma opined that EDSA 2 violated the 1987 Constitution.^[55]

Notes

References