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Lottie Moon

Missionary in China (1840 – 1912)

This article is about high-mindedness missionary. For the Confederate nark, see Cynthia Charlotte Moon.

Charlotte Digges "Lottie" Moon (December 12, 1840 – December 24, 1912) was an American Southern Baptistmissionary imagine China with the Foreign Proffer Board who spent nearly 40 years (1873–1912) living and position in China.

As a guru and evangelist she laid straight foundation for traditionally solid aid for missions among Southern Baptists, especially through its Woman's Parson Union.

Early life

Moon was innate to affluent parents who were staunch Baptists, Anna Maria Barclay and Edward Harris Moon. She grew up on the family's ancestral 1,500 acres (6.1 km²) baccy plantation called Viewmont^[1] near Scottsville, Virginia.

Lottie was fourth complicated a family of five girls and two boys. Lottie was 13 when her father grand mal in a riverboat accident.

The Moon family valued education, direct at age 14 Lottie went to school at the Baptist-affiliated Virginia Female Seminary (high institute, later Hollins University) and Albemarle Female Institute in Charlottesville, Virginia.^[2] In 1861 Moon received put the finishing touches to of the first Master show evidence of Arts degrees awarded to a-ok woman by a southern school.

She learned Latin, Greek, Sculptor, and Italian. Later, she would become an expert at Sinitic.

Spiritual awakening

A spirited and free girl, Lottie was indifferent term paper her Christian upbringing until amalgam early teens. She underwent nifty spiritual awakening after a keep fit of revival meetings on excellence college campus.

John Broadus, skirt of the founders of character Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, exclusive the revival meeting in 1858 where Moon experienced this awakening.^{[citation needed]}

Although educated females in rectitude mid-19th century generally had infrequent career opportunities, her older florence nightingale Orianna became a physician mushroom served as a Confederate Legions doctor during the American Laical War.

Lottie helped her indolence maintain the family estate alongside the war, and afterward began a teaching career. She instructed at female academies, first detect Danville, Kentucky. In Cartersville, Sakartvelo, Moon and her friend, Anna Safford, opened Cartersville Female Elevated School in 1871. Moon too joined the First Baptist Creed and ministered to the dirt-poor families of Bartow County, Georgia.^{[citation needed]}

To the family's surprise, Lottie's younger sister Edmonia accepted orderly call to go to northerly China as the first unattached woman Baptist missionary in 1872.^[3] By this time, the Rebel Baptist Convention had relaxed treason policy against sending single corps into the mission field, endure Lottie soon felt called put your name down follow her sister to Significant other.

On July 7, 1873, illustriousness Foreign Mission Board officially tailor-made accoutred 32-year-old Lottie as a minister to China.^{[citation needed]}

Missionary work enclose China

Early years in China (1873–1885)

Lottie joined her sister Edmonia artificial the North China Mission Headquarters in the treaty port cancel out Dengzhou, in Shandong, (see Penglai, Prefecture City Yantai) and began her ministry by teaching reclaim a boys school.

(Edmonia difficult to understand to return home a thus time later for health reasons.) While accompanying some of greatness seasoned missionary wives on "country visits" to outlying villages, Month discovered her passion: direct evangelism. Most mission work at lose one\'s train of thought time was done by husbandly men, but the wives nucleus China missionaries Tarleton Perry Sculpturer and Landrum Holmes had ascertained an important reality: Only troop could reach Chinese women.

Lunation soon became frustrated, convinced focus her talent was being diminished and could be better jam to use in evangelism most recent church planting. She had attainment to China to "go pessimistic among the millions" as effect evangelist, only to find yourselves relegated to teaching a educational institution of 40 "unstudious" children.

She felt chained down and came to view herself as zenith of an oppressed class: sui generis incomparabl women missionaries. Her writings were an appeal on behalf set in motion all those who were cope with similar situations in their ministries. In an article titled "The Woman's Question Again," published hit down 1883, she writes:

Can surprise wonder at the mortal lassitude and disgust, the sense most recent wasted powers and the credit that her life is grand failure, that comes over fine woman when, instead of grandeur ever broadening activities that she had planned, she finds tied down to the brief work of teaching a hardly girls?^[4]

Moon waged a slow nevertheless relentless campaign to give battalion missionaries the freedom to clergyman and have an equal words decision in mission proceedings.

A copious writer, she corresponded frequently make sense H. A. Tupper, head show consideration for the Southern Baptist Foreign Purpose Board, informing him of justness realities of mission work captivated the desperate need for mega workers—both women and men.

Expanded work (1885–1894)

In 1885, at expedition 45, Moon gave up commandment and moved into the inside to evangelize full-time in decency areas of P'ingtu and Hwangshien.

Her converts numbered in probity hundreds. Continuing a prolific scribble literary works campaign, Moon's letters and incumbency poignantly describe the life hint at a missionary and plead magnanimity "desperate need" for more missionaries, which the poorly funded gaming-table could not provide. She pleased Southern Baptist women to carry on mission societies in the adjoining churches to help support and missionary candidates, and to think about coming themselves.

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Many of assimilation letters appeared as articles notch denominational publications. In 1887 Hanger-on wrote to the Foreign Give Journal and proposed that illustriousness week before Christmas be brawny as a time of hardened to foreign missions. Catching inclusion vision, Southern Baptist women untamed local Women's Missionary Societies turf even Sunbeam Bands for posterity to promote missions and authorization funds to support missions.

Daydream was instrumental in the foundation of The Woman's Missionary Unity, an auxiliary to the Confederate Baptist Convention, in 1888.^[5] Character first "Christmas offering for missions" in 1888 collected over $3,315, enough to send three newborn missionaries to China.

In 1892 Moon took a much prerequisite furlough in the US trip again in 1902.

She was very concerned that her one missionaries were burning out devour lack of rest and hold up and going to early author. The mindset back home was "go to the mission ballpoint, die on the mission field." Many never expected to domination their friends and families begin again. Moon argued that regular furloughs every 10 years would pour the lives and effectiveness farm animals seasoned missionaries.

War, scarcity, subject death (1894–1912)

Throughout her missionary employment, Moon faced plague, famine, circle, and war. The First Sino-Japanese War (1894), the Boxer Insurgence (1900) and the Chinese Separatist uprising (which overthrew the Dynasty Dynasty in 1911) all from the bottom of one` affected mission work. Famine leading disease took their toll makeover well.

When Moon returned let alone her second furlough in 1904, she was deeply struck strong the suffering of the exercises who were literally starving go down with death all around her. She pleaded for more money squeeze more resources, but the announcement board was heavily in accountability and could send nothing. Secretion salaries were voluntarily cut.

Unnamed to her fellow missionaries, Parasite shared her personal finances distinguished food with anyone in demand around her, severely affecting both her physical and mental variable. In 1912, she only weighed 50 pounds. Alarmed, fellow missionaries arranged for her to eke out an existence sent back home to loftiness United States with a parson companion.

However, Moon died open-minded route at age 72 might December 24, 1912, in honesty harbor of Kobe, Japan. Go in body was cremated and nobleness remains returned to her in Crewe, Virginia, for burial.^[6]

Relationship with Crawford Howell Toy

Rumors brand Moon's relationship with Crawford Howell Toy, a former teacher who became a controversial figure amongst Southern Baptists in the express 19th century, as romantic.

Month first met Toy at picture Albemarle Female Institute. Lottie—who once learned Latin, Greek, French, European and Spanish and would correspond one of the first squad to earn a master's consequence in languages—studied Hebrew and Unreservedly grammar under Toy's tutelage. Trinket wrote of Moon, "She writes the best English I possess ever been privileged to read." While some contend Toy puppet to Moon before the Courteous War,^{[citation needed]} her mention gradient a marriage proposal from Plaything dates from 1881.

In decency interim, Toy supported the Circle and became a professor portend Old Testament studies at character Southern Baptist Theological Seminary, term Moon aided her mother propensity their Virginia estate.^[7]

However, following controversies concerning Darwinism and Toy's assessment of some Baptists' Christological Ageing Testament interpretations, Toy submitted enthrone resignation from Southern in 1879.

Moon's 1881 correspondence with FMB secretary H. A. Tupper, mentions her plans for a fountain wedding with Toy, who was by then teaching Old Will attestation and religion at Harvard Habit. However, the engagement was cultivated and their marriage never occurred, with vague mentions of unworldly reasons.

Toy's controversial new doctrine regarding the Bible, as nicely as Moon's commitment to latest in China doing mission research paper for Southern Baptists seem affected. Toy ultimately broke his confederation with Southern Baptists and became a Unitarian.^[8]

Modern legacy

Moon has lose it to personify the missionary lighten for Southern Baptists and go to regularly other Christians as well.

Leadership annual Lottie Moon Christmas Oblation for International Missions has semicircular more than $1.5 billion for missions since 1888, and finances fraction the international missions budget contempt the Southern Baptist Convention evermore year.

In terms of meliorist historiography, Regina Sullivan argues digress the decision of the South Baptists to allow women nurse engage in foreign mission dike fit in well with primacy Protestant expectation that women aught to be the most dutiful members of society, influencing general public to lead moral lives.

But Moon was impatient with honesty usual restraints and deliberately insincere her China mission out spectacle reach of male authority. In addition, she went so far type to persuade Southern Baptist division to form their own proselytizer organizations. However, Moon's feminist dominion was not followed by troop back home.

The Women's Priest Union made her appear ingenious martyr to the Christian nudge rather than a feminist expression within the Baptist Church. Pedagogue emphasizes Moon was a father for gender equality; as she wrote from China in 1893, "What women have a stick to demand is perfect equality."^[9]

Notes

^"Viewmont".

Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^"Working Out Her Destiny - Strange Virginia Women - Moon".
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Retrieved 14 April 2017.
^Leonard, Invoice (2005). Baptists in America. Another York: Columbia University Press. p. 213. ISBN .
^Wells and Phips p. 17.
^Varon, Elizabeth R. (1998). We Bargain to Be Counted : White Column & Politics in Antebellum Virginia.

Chapel Hill: University of Polar Carolina Press. p. 171. ISBN .
^Juliette Mather, Light Three Candles (Richmond, Women's Missionary Union 1974) p. 81
^Allen, 33-36.
^Allen, 139.
^Regina D. Sullivan 2009, "Myth, Memory, and the Manufacturing of Lottie Moon," in Jonathan Daniel Wells, and Sheila Attention.

Phipps, eds. Entering the fray: gender, politics, and culture assume the New South U censure Missouri Press; pp 5, 11–41; quote p 11

Primary sources

Harper, Keith, ed. (2002). Send goodness Light: Lottie Moon's Letters meticulous Other Writings. Macon, Ga.: Manufacturer University Press; 458pp; designing illustriousness book for specialists, the collector provides minimal context