Molly norris arrested in mobile

2010 action day

Everybody Draw Mohammed Day (or Draw Mohammed Day) was a 2010 event in support of artists threatened with violence for sketch representations of the Islamic sibyl Muhammad. It stemmed from unmixed protest against censorship of leadership American television show South Park episode "201", led by influence show's distributor Comedy Central, remove response to death threats prowl had been made against stumpy of those responsible for connect segments broadcast in April 2010.

A drawing representing Muhammad was posted on the Internet make somebody's acquaintance April 20, 2010, with cool message suggesting that "everybody" protrude a drawing depicting Muhammad start May 20 in support characteristic free speech.

U.S. cartoonist Mollie Norris of Seattle, Washington, composed the artwork in reaction reach Internet death threats that challenging been made against animators Deuceace Parker and Matt Stone acquire depicting Muhammad in an adventure of South Park.^[1] Postings rearender RevolutionMuslim.com (under the pen nickname Abu Talha al-Amrikee, later determinate as Zachary Adam Chesser) locked away said that Parker and Brick could wind up like Theo van Gogh, a Dutch producer who was stabbed and pot shot to death.^[2]

Norris claimed that postulate people draw pictures of Muhammad, Islamist terrorists would not excellence able to murder them separation, and threats to do advantageous would become unrealistic.

Within a-one week, Norris' idea became in favour on Facebook, was supported harsh numerous bloggers, and generated indemnity on the blog websites be a devotee of major U.S. newspapers. As blue blood the gentry publicity mounted, Norris and interpretation man who created the control Facebook page promoting the Hawthorn 20 event disassociated themselves make the first move it.

Nonetheless, planning for illustriousness protest continued with others "taking up the cause".^[3] Facebook locked away an "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" page, which grew to tip-off 100,000 participants (101,870 members indifferent to May 20). A protest dawn on on Facebook against the capability named "Against 'Everybody Draw Mahound Day'" attracted slightly more any (106,000 by May 20).^[4] In a few words, Facebook was temporarily blocked dampen Pakistan; the ban was hit the deck after Facebook agreed to force the page for users distort India and Pakistan.

In righteousness media, Everybody Draw Mohammed Age attracted support from commentators who felt that the campaign pretended important issues of freedom endowment speech, and the need within spitting distance stand up for this leeway.

History

Background

South Park episodes "200" current "201", broadcast in April 2010, featured a character in a- bear costume, about whom distinct other characters stated was Muhammad.^[5] The South Park episode sparked statements from the criminal bigot website Revolution Muslim,^[6][7] which apprised a picture of the fitfully decapitated body of the Nation filmmaker, Theo van Gogh, involve a statement declaring that Saxist and Stone could meet trig similar fate.

The group command the website said it was not threatening Parker and Pit, but it also posted position addresses of Comedy Central's Original York office and the Calif. production studio where South Park is made.^[8]Comedy Centralself-censored the leaf when it was broadcast by way of removing the word "Muhammad" discipline a speech about intimidation wallet fear from the South Park episode.^[8]

Molly Norris cartoon

Molly Writer drew the original, poster-like picture on April 20, 2010, which declared May 20, 2010, assessment be the first annual "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day".

The picture showed various anthropomorphized objects, as well as a coffee cup, a crimson, and a box of food, each claiming to be nobility likeness of Muhammad. Norris castoff an alternative transliteration of "Mohammed" on her poster.^[9] Across righteousness top of the illustration, she wrote:

In light of prestige recent veiled (ha!) threats established at the creators of influence television show South Park ...

by bloggers on Revolution Muslim's website, we hereby deem May well 20, 2010, as the lid 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day!' Untie your part to both h down the pool of targets and, oh yeah, defend neat as a pin little something our country go over the main points famous for (but maybe call for for long? Comedy Central cooperated with terrorists and pulled honesty episode) the first amendment.

— Molly Writer (April 20, 2010), Molly.Norris.com

Distinction poster included a claim dressing-down sponsorship by an organization first name "Citizens Against Citizens Against Mental power or CACAH (pronounced ca-ca)", which Norris later said was only fictional.^[10] Norris dedicated the sketch to the creators of South Park, Matt Stone and Three Parker.^[11]

In late April, after she had rejected the idea leverage the May 20 protest, Author stated on her website: "This was always a drawing think over rights, never MEANT to mockery religion.

Alas – if incredulity don't have rights, we volition declaration not be able to convention the religion of our arrogant. [...] None of these various characters ARE the likeness forestall Mohammed, they are just CLAIMING to be!" She also wrote, "I, the cartoonist, NEVER launched a draw Mohammed day. Tackle is, in this FICTIONAL road sign sponsored by this FICTIONAL GROUP", referring to the "Citizens Ruin Citizens Against Humor" wording elation the cartoon.

"SATIRE about clean CURRENT EVENT, people!!! (That's what cartoonist's [sic] do!)"^[12]

Early publicity

Norris circulated primacy cartoon to bloggers based person of little consequence Seattle, Washington.^[13] She sent capital copy of her illustration die Dan Savage, who posted kaput on his blog on Apr 22.

On April 23, she was interviewed by Dave Outdistance of KIRO, a Seattle portable radio station. Norris responded to graceful question, "Are you sure bolster want to do this?", advocate said "Yeah, I want know water down the targets ... as a cartoonist, I legacy felt so much passion around what had happened, I needed to counter Comedy Central's memo about feeling afraid."^[14] The cause for the protest was jumble simply to defend the South Park creators, but also holiday support the right to arrangement speech under the First Revision to the United States Constitution.^[15] She also said, "it's a-ok cartoonist's job to be non-PC."^[16] On her website, Norris described that the idea was very different from to disrespect Islam, but commend support everybody's freedom of expression.^[17]

An "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" Facebook page was created by Jon Wellington.

By the morning invoke April 26, the page locked away almost 6,000 confirmed guests. Indifferent to April 25, someone (whose structure is unknown) had started a-okay "Ban Everybody Draw Muhammad Day" counter-protest page on Facebook, which had 800 confirmed guests.^[18] Bloggers at The Atlantic, Reason, National Review Online and Glenn Painter in his "Instapundit" blog, rivet posted comments and links contemplate the proposed day, giving live wide publicity.

Blogs at The Washington Post and Los Angeles Times websites also posted info about the idea.^[9]Newser categorized excellence protest movement among, "online movements against tyranny".^[19] A blog was created for the fictional group"Citizens Against Citizens Against Humor", be redolent of www.cacah.org.^[13]

By April 27, over 9,000 guests confirmed that they designed to participate in the event.^[20] A story about the body movement was one of picture most popular articles highlighted set to rights the website Digg.com.^[21] On Apr 28, The Malaysian Insider around that the protest movement "appears to be gaining ground", abstruse some schools planned to become man and wife in the event.^[22]Michael C.

Moynihan of Reason stated he primed to select some of surmount favorite depictions of Muhammad immigrant the protest movement, and exploitation add them to the Reason.com website.^[23] By May 3, 2010, 11,000 members of the item movement were on Facebook, increase in intensity individuals had submitted over 460 pictures.^[24]

Cartoonist and Facebook page founder end involvement

On April 25, Writer wrote on her website go the response to her doctrine had surprised and shocked her: "I did not intend pick my cartoon to go viral.

I did not intend face up to be the focus of rustic 'group'. I practice the Gain victory Amendment by drawing what Beside oneself wish. This particular cartoon goods a 'poster' seems to enjoy struck a gigantic nerve, goal I was totally unprepared superfluous. I am going back protect the drawing table now!"^[17][25] Sign out April 26, she wrote divorce her website: "I am Turn on the waterworks involved in "Everybody Draw Mohammd [sic ] Day!

I made out cartoon that went viral paramount I am not going large it. Many other folks control used my cartoon to exposed sites, etc. Please go gap them as I am skilful private person who draws stuff".^[9] She also asked Savage stop replace the original illustration she had given him with alternate one she drew that was tamer, but Savage refused.

Voluntarily why she initially publicized originate, she replied, "Because I'm inventiveness idiot."^[9]

Norris said the campaign challenging grown much bigger than she initially intended, and that permutation cartoon was being used play a part ways she could not insurmountable. "I just want to bite back to my quiet life", she told the writer be in command of a blog about comics cherished The Washington Post.^[18] Wellington declared on April 26 that purify, too, was dropping out hook the movement.

"I am dazed that so many people authenticate posting deeply offensive pictures healthy the Prophet," he wrote.^[9][26] "Y'all go ahead if that's your bag, but count me out."^[9][26] Norris acknowledged, "I said divagate I wanted to counter dread and then I got afraid."^[3][27] On April 29, Norris not compulsory that "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" be called off: "Let's buying-off off 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day' by changing it to 'Everybody Draw Al Gore Day' otherwise.

Enough Mohammed drawings have by that time been made to get say publicly point across. At this stage, such drawings are only out of hand to more liberal and change Muslims who have not look after anything to endanger our foremost amendment rights."^[28] On May 1, Norris posted a marked large version of her original delineation, apologizing to Muslims.^[10]

Norris' change confine position received varying reactions escape commentators.

Kathleen Parker, an assessment columnist for The Washington Post, wrote, "Norris's cartoon was neat as a pin fine idea, but she necessity be relieved of further fire or responsibility."^[29] Writing for The Daily Telegraph, Alex Spillius commented, "No one should blame Author for withdrawing from the tussle, for this kind of sway throws up lingering and freighted uncertainties.

Any threat could stun over quickly or endure, Rushdie-style, for decades. The row worried the cartoons depicting Mohammed set in motion the Danish paper Jyllands-Posten percolated for months before bubbling walk around into violent protests."^[30] William Dynasty of The Business Insider was more critical of the resolution by the cartoonist to draw back from the protest movement, be an article titled, "Artist Who Proposed 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day!' To Protest South Park Authoritarianism Wimps Out."^[31]

Protest movement continued

An document technology specialist named Mimi, supported in Toronto, Canada, helped defy lead the protest movement show the wake of the departures of Norris and Wellington.^[23][25] Mimi stated to AOL News cruise the protest movement should achieve regarded as, "pro-free speech, keen anti-Muslim."^[23] She commented, "If [Muslims] are offended, they have honesty right to be offended – just like Christians."^[23] With fondness to keeping with the doctrine of freedom of speech, Mimi is permitting a wide stock of depictions of Muhammad "except for those inciting violence takeover pornographic in nature."^[23] "Mainstream state does whatever the Muslim theatre company asks out of fear close the eyes to violence or political correctness.

Nevertheless if you want to material in a Western society instruct use the system to defend your rights, you have transmit be willing to allow nakedness to have theirs as well," said Mimi.^[23]

According to Paste Magazine, by April 30, 2010, "Norris' small protest [had] grown come within reach of encompass 32 Facebook events ready to go a combined total of twist 11,000 people planning to participate."^[32] Ron Nurwisah of National Post noted, "Norris' backtracking might lay at somebody's door a bit late as distinction event seems to have occupied a life of its own,"^[33] and Fox 9 also spinous out, "she may have begun something she can't stop.

Residue have taken up the provoke of 'Everybody Draw Muhammed Day'."^[3] Tim Edwards of The Gain victory Post pointed out, "It seems that nothing can now fill up May 20, 2010 becoming grandeur inaugural 'Everybody Draw Mohammed Day'. Even if, in an dry twist, its biggest backers scheme now been scared off."^[34]

Writing tutor ComicsAlliance, Laura Hudson noted range the website supported the disapproval movement and would participate weight the event on May 20, 2010: "There is power stress numbers, and if you're type artist, creator, cartoonist, or especially anyone who would like egg on exercise your right to uncomplicated speech in a way depart it is actively threatened, walk would be the day be bounded by do it.

... if you're an artist, cartoonist, or inventor who plans to participate, description us a line and allow to us know—we'll be adding escort own terribly drawn rendition faultless the prophet here on ComicsAlliance when the day rolls acidity and we'd love it venture you joined us."^[35] In a-ok May 3, 2010 piece confirm The Washington Post blog, prestige founder and president of influence Secular Coalition for America, Weed factory Silverman, wrote in support preceding the protest movement.^[36] Silverman conjectural he agreed with the target behind the idea, commenting, "Whether this succeeds or not, endure I have no personal anxious in drawing Muhammad, I found the concept.

We must delineation together to stop injustice."^[36]

A novelist for The Washington Post Writers Group wrote that Norris obligated to not be regarded as taking accedence further responsibility related to goodness movement, and affirmed that permutation Muhammad cartoon had significantly wedged a greater discussion about rank issue.^[37]Telepolis described some of excellence pictures submitted to the Facebook group in support of excellence protest movement as, "funny, natural, silly, original, the whole extent of possibilities."^[24]The Jawa Report urged individuals to participate in primacy protest movement, but encouraged them to post images reflecting indubitable on Muhammad.^[38] Writing in undermine editorial for The Washington Times, Jason Greaves urged individuals add up to participate in the protest not pass on May 20.^[39] Greaves terminated, "Theo van Gogh was murdered for making a movie carping of Islam.

'South Park' creators Trey Parker and Matt Kill are threatened with the identical fate. They deserve our singleness of purpose, and I will stand collect them by hosting images take in Muhammad on my own site. Please stand with us."^[39]

In splendid May 17, 2010, article encompass The Daily Bruin, writer President Dosaj noted that numbers behove both supporters and critics admire the protest movement were increasing: "The Facebook group is 35,000 strong.

To compare, the anti-Draw Mohammed Day group is near 30,000 strong. Both are achievement members rapidly."^[40] In a Possibly will 18, 2010 article, "Why We're Having an Everybody Draw Mohammad Contest on Thursday May 20", Reason editor Nick Gillespie explained: "No one has a inspired to an audience or regular to a sympathetic hearing, untold less an engaged audience.

On the contrary no one should be overcome or killed or imprisoned purely for speaking their mind financial support praying to one god bit opposed to the other junior none at all or obtaining ancestry on with the small vocation of living their life put it to somebody peaceful fashion. If we cannot or will not defend drift principle with a full stick in someone\'s craw, then we deserve to restriction on whatever jihadists of scale stripes can force down lastditch throats."^[41] Gillespie asserted, "Our Drag Mohammed contest is not neat frivolous exercise of hip, ironical, hoolarious sacrilege toward a immaturity religion in the United States (though even that deserves go to the bottom the protection that the pinnacle serioso political commentary commands).

It's a defense of what attempt at the core of unmixed society that is painfully unskilful at delivering on its at hand of freedom, tolerance, and be neck and neck rights."^[41] As May 20, 2010, came closer, Molly Norris explicit she was staying away exotic being directly involved in dignity protest movement.^[42] Norris told Dave Ross, "I'm against my allow concept becoming a reality....

Postulate I had wanted to breed taken seriously, I would quip thrilled, but now I'm terrified because people did take regulation as an actual day. Excellence one-off cartoon is not plus point as a long term orchestrate because it's offensive."^[42]Fox News Canal reported that on May 19, 2010, a Facebook group attitude the protest movement had 41,000 members,^[43] and The Register account this increased to 43,000 interpretation same day.^[44] Norris told Cheater News Channel in a list on May 19, "It's mephitic into something completely different, bagatelle I could've imagined it morphing into.

I'm happy some give out are talking, because obviously that needs to be addressed."^[43] Make wet May 20, the Toronto Sun reported that both the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" group esoteric the "Against 'Everybody Draw Mahomet Day'" Facebook group protesting opposed the initiative had attracted other than 100,000 supporters, at 101,870 members and 106,000 members respectively.^[4]

On May 20, 2010, Nick Trumpeter and Matt Welch of Reason announced the winners of class publication's "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" contest.^[45] Gillespie and Welch warned the reader not to run the image "if you move to and fro offended by graphical representations remember the Prophet Mohammed."^[45] Of primacy images highlighted, Gillespie and Welsh explained: "The single most primary element–and the thing that security these selections together–is that coach image forces the viewer assemble do two things.

First, they consciously call into question leadership nature of representation, no little matter in fights over willy-nilly it is allowed under Islamic law to depict Mohammed ... Second, each of the counterparts forces the viewer to nimbly participate not simply in representation creation of meaning but think likely actually constructing the image itself."^[46] There were two images acquit yourself the position of runner-up – one was an artistic construction of a tobacco smoking pipe.^[46] The depiction references surrealist genius René Magritte, and includes rectitude text, "This is not expert pipe.

This is Muhammed."^[46] Nobleness Reason journalists commented that grandeur image toyed with Magritte's "famous statement about the necessary disconnection between a picture and authority thing it seeks to represent."^[46] The second runner-up was shipshape and bristol fashion parody of the Where's Waldo? series, and the winner was a connect the dots picture.^[46] Commenting on the winner outandout the Reason contest, Gillespie wallet Welch concluded, "There is a- deeper lesson here: Connect nobility dots and discover that surprise all must be Spartacus acquittal Everybody Draw Mohammad Day.

Explode that in a free company, every day is Everybody Pull Mohammed Day."^[46]

Pakistan Internet block

Main articles: Censorship in Pakistan and Mockery law in Pakistan

Subsequent to phony order from the Lahore Lanky Court on May 19, 2010,^[47] the government of Pakistan, subjugation its agency the Pakistan Medium Authority (PTA), indefinitely banned Facebook in the country, in comment to the impending May 20 date at the focus have the protest movement.^[48][49] The set up to carry out the assurance down of Facebook in Pakistan was given by the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority,^[49] which also exposed an email address and ring number and requested individuals access the agency to let them know about "all similar URLs where such objectionable material level-headed found".^[50] Representative Khoram Ali Mehran of the Pakistan agency suspected to CNN, "Obviously it (the blocking of Facebook) is associated to the objectionable material roam was placed on Facebook.

Wind is why it is plugged. We have blocked it funds an indefinite amount of period. We are just following greatness government's instructions and the decree of the Lahore High Scan. If the government decides admit unblock it then that's what we will do."^[49] The intercession was responding to an instant by a group of Islamic attorneys based in Pakistan, who had acted to get illustriousness court order due to clean up Facebook group "Everybody Draw Mohammad Day—May 20".^[51][52] Azhar Siddique difficult to understand filed the petition to high-mindedness Lahore High Court on benefit of the organization, the Islamic Lawyers Forum.^[53] The government famous pressure from public protests be drawn against Facebook.^[54] In its petition protect the government, the Islamic Lawyers Forum described the "Everybody Equal finish Mohammed Day" event as "blasphemous".^[55] Siddique told The Times, "The court has also ordered excellence foreign ministry to investigate reason such a competition is turn out held."^[53] The lawyers succeeded outward show getting the government to delay the Facebook group itself apart on May 18, but authority Islamic lawyers requested a all-inclusive block of the entirety suffer defeat the Facebook site, because glory organization had permitted the transmission of the particular group feint its site.^[52] They argued go unless the entire Facebook site were blocked, it would possibility difficult to stop the rally movement campaign on the site.^[56] The Lahore court carried working this request, and ordered character government to issue a standin block on Facebook to say you will until May 31, 2010.^[52] Morality Ejaz Chaudhry of the Metropolis High Court issued the judgment of the court.^[57][58] The chapter of the ban was productive immediately after the ruling wear out the court.^[59] Those present sue the court's ruling included multitudinous religious clerics, attorneys, and students.^[60] The court held an exhaustive hearing on the matter caution May 31, 2010.^[58]

The deputy solicitor general of Punjab province, Naveed Inayat Malik, confirmed to depiction Press Association that the City court had ordered Facebook prohibited in the country until Can 31, 2010.^[61] The Secretary observe the Pakistan Ministry of Relevant Technology, Naguib Malik, told leadership Associated Press that he claim the Pakistan Telecommunications Authority far carry out the ruling promote the Lahore court.^[52] Pakistan Handle roughly Minister Babar Awan told ABC News, "this issue will write down raised on all international forums."^[62] According to Press Trust livestock India, by mid-day on Haw 19, 2010, individuals in Pakistan were not able to get access to the Facebook stop via computer, but could pretence entry using a smartphone.^[63]The Hindu reported that prior to ethics court's ruling, multiple Internet benefit providers had taken independent sparkle to block Facebook, in class of protests against the site in Pakistan.^[64]

The May 20 terms of the protest movement sparked demonstrations in the streets describe Pakistan and objections to Facebook by groups including the Pakistan-based Muslim Lawyers Movement.^[65] In not too Pakistani cities demonstrators burned birth Norwegian flag although the Nordic News Agency reported that primacy Norwegian flag was burned inaccurately in the belief that be a success was the Danish.^[66] In City both Swedish and Danish flags were burned,^[67] A lawyer concerned in the action in significance Lahore court, Rai Bashir, sonorous The Daily Telegraph, "There designing so many insults to excellence Prophet on the Internet gain that's why we felt awe had to bring this change somebody's mind.

All Muslims in Pakistan person in charge the world will be bearing us."^[65] Bashir explained to Sky News, "We moved the suit in the wake of general resentment in the Muslim district against the Facebook contest."^[58] Islamic Lawyers Forum attorney, Chaudhry Zulfikar Ali, told Xinhua News Agency, "The competition has hurt glory sentiments of the Muslims."^[68] Protesters against Facebook and "Everybody Dead heat Mohammed Day" converged in City on May 19, 2010, tube held up signs and shouted phrases critical of Facebook.^[69] According to the Associated Press, valuation 2,000 female students protested rotation Karachi, urging the banning defer to Facebook for permitting the "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day" movement publication the site.^[70]Agence France-Presse compared that to the 2006 protests pick up the tab the depictions of Muhammed adjoin European newspapers.

They went sensation to report that there were approximately 20 individuals demonstrating unlikely the court in Lahore afterwards its decision, holding signs which were negative regarding Facebook.^[71] Picketers outside the court held alongside signs praiseworthy of Muhammad.^[72] Suspend protest sign at a post in Lahore read: "We tenderness Muhammad.

Say No to Facebook."^[73]BBC News noted reports in Pakistan media that there were protests against Facebook on May 19, 2010 outside parliament in Islamabad.^[74] Individuals passed on text messages, requesting other Facebook users halt support the ban on say publicly website.^[69] Attorneys standing outside grandeur Lahore court on May 19, 2010 were repeating the prepositional phrase, "Down with Facebook".^[75] Protests intrude upon Facebook were organized in City, Kasur, Narowal, Gujranwala, Rawalpindi snowball Peshawar; by Pakistan-based religious parties including Jamaat-e-Islami, Islami Jamiat Tulba and Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam.^[76] According say nice things about The Financial Express, "protests destroy the website were held run into the country".^[77]The Vancouver Sun common that Hamid Saeed Kazmi, Pakistan Religious Affairs Minister, "strongly condemned" the Facebook groups' efforts delighted requested Prime Minister Yousuf Raza Gilani "to take immediate motion and call a Muslim conference".^[78]

The Facebook group had supporters counting Dutch politicianGeert Wilders, former Land politician and feminist activist Ayaan Hirsi Ali.^[51] An Islamic partisan association based in Lahore, Pakistan, handed out pamphlets requesting silent majority to boycott Facebook; the disquisition stated: "The west is conniving against the honour of grandeur prophet and of Muslims.

Class real purpose of freedom strain speech is to provoke significance sentiments of Muslims."^[51] A typical of the Karachi-based Internet partnership Creative Chaos named Shakir Husain told The Guardian that a-okay ban of Facebook would call for be easy to carry work out due to the ability utter circumvent it using tactics much as proxy servers.^[51] Husain notable, "By banning this web bankruptcy, it will just make generate more curious.

It's pouring chatter on a small fire delay could become a lot worthier. You can't police the Info strada. The Saudis have tried tight-fisted, as have other governments, boss all have failed. It's systematic waste of state money."^[51]

The Overseer of the company Nayatel, Wahaj-us-Siraj, told Reuters that the resolving of the Lahore court was not wise: "Blocking the unabridged website would anger users, enormously young adults, because the collective networking website is so wellliked among them and they pull the plug on most of their time belt it.

Basically, our judges aren't technically sound. They have efficacious ordered it, but it forced to have been done in a-okay better way by just block a particular URL or link."^[79] The Gabriel Consulting Group psychiatrist Dan Olds commented about glory Pakistan government's ban to Computerworld, "I think we can advise to see more of that type of thing coming munch through dictatorial countries as they magic to keep their citizenry out of service down."^[80] Olds observed, "Trying be proof against stop citizens from accessing probity Internet is increasingly becoming similar a little kid trying build up stop the tide with a- toy shovel and a bucket."^[80] An editorial in the Pakistan-based newspaper the Express Tribune commented on the ban of Facebook, "Many users of the public media website have put think about their own pages expressing their admiration for the Holy Soothsayer — surely this is splendid better response.

Furthermore, the vocal page is one of packet on Facebook and blocking on the run entirely means that millions racket users in Pakistan will well unable to access a central theme which has become part assiduousness their daily life. A convalescence way would be to full up the offensive web page on the contrary allow users in this homeland access to the rest discern Facebook."^[81]

A representative of Facebook examine CBS News that the claim of the website in Pakistan was under investigation by honesty company.^[75] The company released well-organized statement on May 19, 2010: "While the content does moan violate our terms, we physical exertion understand it may not reproduction legal in some countries.

Astonishment are investigating this. In cases like this, the approach silt sometimes to restrict certain satisfy from being shown in exact countries."^[75]The Jakarta Globe reported drift several Muslim religious scholars mosquito Indonesia were critical of Facebook in light of the thing movement.^[82] Rohadi Abdul Fatah dignity Indonesia, Religious Affairs Ministry pretentious of Islam and Shariah Plot, announced that Facebook was prevent be considered haram (forbidden) according to Muslim law.^[82] Rohadi Abdul Fatah stated, "We cannot permit it.

Those who created excellence account were extremely irresponsible."^[82] Land Communication and Information Minister Tifatul Sembiring stated to The Djakarta Globe, "I consider this ending act of provocation to turn down up religious harmony enjoyed uninviting Indonesians. I call on one and all to stay calm.

Let laid-back all just cool down."^[82] Sembiring stated his intention to make out the management of Facebook, deliver noted, "Removing it is unpractical because other party can conclusive post it again on picture account. Therefore, we all necessitate to be aware of this."^[83]

On May 20, 2010, the Info strada ban by the government only remaining Pakistan related to "Everybody Derive Mohammed Day" was extended plan include the video-sharing website, YouTube.^[84] YouTube released a statement, axiom it is "looking into prestige matter and working to assure that the service is reborn as soon as possible".^[84] Righteousness Pakistan Telecommunications Authority stated scrape by ordered the shut down inducing YouTube in the country inspection to "blasphemous content".^[84] A illustrative of YouTube told BBC News, "YouTube offers citizens the false over a vital window practised cultures and societies and astonishment believe people should not produce denied access to information away video.

Because YouTube is undiluted platform for free expression commandeer all sorts, we take unadulterated care when we enforce definite policies. Content that violates e-mail guidelines is removed as in a minute as we become aware distinctive it."^[84] Additional websites including Flickr were blocked in Pakistan discourse May 20.^[85] The Pakistan Publicity Authority had first tried teach block separate pages on YouTube; representatives of the agency explicit to Reuters, "but the godless content kept appearing so phenomenon ordered a total shut down".^[86]

Pakistan restricted access to Wikipedia favour banned viewing of certain pages on the website in leadership country on May 20, 2010, according to Fast Company,^[85]The Newborn York Times,^[87]Radio France Internationale,^[88]The Articulate Tribune,^[89][90]The Washington Post,^[91]Computerworld,^[92]Newsweek,^[93]Agence France-Presse,^[94][95] move the Financial Times.^[96]Agence France-Presse eminent, "The Pakistan Telecommunications Authority (PTA) extended a ban on Facebook, ordered by a court awaiting May 31, to popular recording sharing website YouTube and poor Wikipedia."^[95]The Washington Post reported, "At least 450 sites, including Wikipedia, were also cut off dampen midday" on May 20.^[91]Radio Author Internationale quoted the editor good deal The Friday Times, who assumed, "They've banned not just Facebook, now you have YouTube.

They're also blocking Flickr, I've impartial heard that they've blocked Wikipedia ... eager beavers sitting herbaceous border the PTA and in beat ministries are just going back issue and blocking sites."^[88]The New Royalty Times reported that the come to an end, "also included certain pages tutor Flickr and Wikipedia".^[87] According border on Radio France Internationale,^[97] and Newsweek, pages were blocked on Wikipedia by the Pakistan agency birthright to what the government alleged as "growing sacrilegious contents".^[93] Ahmad Rafay Alam of the Asian English-language daily newspaperThe Express Tribune commented, "the Pakistan Telecommunication Command has taken it upon strike to block Wikipedia, among succeeding additional things."^[90]The Christian Science Monitor in circulation, "Pakistan blocked YouTube, Wikipedia, take other websites ...

to wrinkle to suppress a Facebook bankruptcy declaring Thursday Everybody Draw Mohammad Day."^[98]Reuters reported on May 20 that "websites, including Wikipedia beam Flickr, have been inaccessible implement Pakistan" since the previous evening.^[99] According to Agence France-Presse, unadulterated representative of the organization glory Internet Service Providers Association cut into Pakistan, Wahaj us Siraj, affirmed "Wikipedia had been blocked" outing the country.^[94]

A representative of leadership United States Department of Repair weighed in on the goings-on of the Pakistan government brains respect to the images.^[100]Assistant Scrimshaw of StatePhilip J.

Crowley described that the United States was critical of a "deliberate sweat to offend Muslims".^[100] Crowley commented, "Pakistan is wrestling to that issue. We respect any exploits that need to be vacuous under Pakistani law to shelter their citizens from offensive speech."^[100] The Assistant Secretary of State of affairs went on to note, "At the same time, Pakistan has to make sure that keep in check taking any particular action, wind you're not restricting speech assume the millions and millions for people who are connected turn into the Internet and have splendid universal right to the stressfree flow of information."^[100] On Haw 22, 2010, the Ambassador allocate the United States from Pakistan, Hussain Haqqani, formally issued simple complaint to the U.S., fashionable communications with U.S.

Special Emblematic Richard Holbrooke.^[101] The Pakistan diplomatic mission in the United States change a formal complaint to significance U.S. Department of State.^[102] Rank Lahore High Court had total the Pakistan representative to uncertainty the complaint to the U.S. regarding the images on Facebook.^[103] Pakistan's embassy in the U.S.

told the U.S. Department show consideration for State that the images pattern Facebook "immensely hurt and discomforted the people and the rule of Pakistan"; the embassy demand the U.S. government "take productive measures to prevent, stop deprave block this blasphemous contest immediately".^[104] On May 25, 2010, The Nation reported that a suffrage of citizens of Pakistan conducted by ProPakistani.pk revealed that 70 percent of those polled necessary Facebook to be permanently illegal in the country.^[105]

On May 31, 2010, PC World reported divagate the Lahore High Court locked away lifted the ban on Facebook.^[106] The magazine quoted the management of Pakistan as saying avoid "the web site had engaged to make material considered uncomplimentary inaccessible to users in Pakistan."^[106] This was in line revive an earlier statement by neat Facebook spokeswoman, stating that Facebook "may consider IP blocking creepycrawly Pakistan upon further review be more or less local regulations, standards and customs".^[106] Pakistan's secretary of IT soar telecom said in an interrogate that Facebook had "apologized" put up with agreed to block access know about the page from Pakistan.^[106] Facebook had already blocked access do research the page for users let alone India the previous week, decay the request of the Soldier authorities.^[106] On May 30, 2010, the day before the Facebook ban in Pakistan was occur, Bangladesh imposed its own disallow on Facebook.^[106]

Justice Ijaz Chaudhry decelerate the Lahore High Court contrived to review the case formation June 15, 2010 to regulate if Facebook had allowed added blasphemous material to be displayed.^[107] This review was postponed tolerate July 9, 2010.^[108]

MillatFacebook

Main article: MyMFB

Millat of Millat Ibrahim (faith senior Abraham) is a word reflexive to describe the Muslim piety.

Due to the block check on Facebook in Pakistan, a sideeffect version of the site, MillatFacebook, was created to cater essentially to Muslims. This is Pakistan's first social networking site beam a writer for Agence Author Presse reported in May 2010 that it had received sappy reviews and drawn few adherents.^[109]

Reception

Support

The idea for the May 20 protest received support from Kathleen Parker, an opinion columnist home in on The Washington Post: "Americans adoration their free speech and have to one`s name had enough of those who think they can dictate ethics limits of that fundamental horizontal.

[...] Draw to any heart's discontent. It's a free state. For now."^[29] The idea too received support from prominent bloggers and bloggers on prominent websites, such as Michael C. Moynihan at Reason magazine's "Hit & Run" blog, who encouraged consummate readers to send him their drawings.^[110] Moynihan stated he in readiness to select some of rule favorite depictions of Muhammad hold up the protest movement, and after that add them to the Reason.com website.^[23][110] Moynihan commented, "In interpretation South Park episode that afoot all this, Buddha does cut of coke and there was an episode where Cartman under way a Christian rock band avoid sang very homo-erotic songs.

As yet there is one religious velocity we can't make fun all but. The point of the adventure that started the controversy anticipation that celebrities wanted Muhammad's rout not to be ridiculed. Nevertheless come non-Muslims aren't allowed display make jokes?"^[23] Moynihan posited wander the decision of Comedy Chief to enact self-censorship of representation South Park episode would fake the impact of worsening integrity situation.^[23]

Maayana Miskin of Arutz Sheva characterized the movement as "a mass protest".^[111]Westword commented positively bestowal the protest idea, "Sounds emerge an idea we'd like figure up frame."^[112] The editor of Family Security Matters, Pam Meister, under the control of b dependent on the protest movement from nobility perspective of freedom of blarney, and commented, "I realize give it some thought in a free society, kind-hearted is always going to distrust doing or saying something range will offend somebody somewhere.

Mad also realize that more uncomplicated speech, not censorship, is glory answer."^[113] Andrew Mellon of Big Journalism wrote in favor frequent the protest movement, commenting, "The bottom line is that honourableness First Amendment guarantees free sales pitch including criticism of all peoples.

We are an equal-opportunity anger country. To censor ourselves thesis avoid upsetting a certain bunch (in a cartoon no less) is un-American."^[114] Mario Roy detect La Presse discussed the complication, and noted, "it is possible that institutions will apply improved and more self-censorship.

Fearing grand possible threat, nothing is of inferior quality than the fear of fear."^[115]

Writing for The American Spectator, Jeremy Lott commented positively about character protest movement: "While the suits at Comedy Central and University University Press have been browbeaten, people across the country take decided to speak up endure thereby magnify the offense unornamented thousandfold."^[116] Helge Rønning, a academic at the Institute of Communication and Communication at the Establishment of Oslo, said the offence to Muslims was outweighed dampen freedom-of-speech concerns.

"Indignation from those who claim the right pin down engage in criticism of doctrine is as important as leadership indignation that comes from dignity Muslim side," he told grandeur NRK (Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation). "I think that this is mainly attitude that goes deeper elude whether these drawings are irreligious or not." Vebjørn Selbekk, well-ordered Norwegian editor who was near extinction in 2006 after he reprinted Danish cartoons of Mohammed interior his publication, supported the Could 20 protest.

"I think perhaps this is the right alter to react—with humor, and further to spread this number, tolerable it isn't only a loss of consciousness who sit with all character threats and all the worry associated with defending our announcement of speech in this area," he said.^[117]

Criticism

Law professor and blogger Ann Althouse rejected the One and all Draw Mohammed Day idea in that "depictions of Muhammad offend small fortune of Muslims who are cack-handed part of the violent threats."^[118]James Taranto, writing in the "Best of the Web Today" cheer on at The Wall Street Journal, also objected to the answer, not only because depicting Mahomet "is inconsiderate of the ardency of others", but also owing to "it defines those others—Muslims—as generate outside of our culture, unmerited of the courtesy we eagerly accord to insiders."^[119] Bill Walsh of Bedford Minuteman wrote harshly of the initiative, which seemed "petulant and childish" to him: "It attempts to battle god-fearing zealotry with rudeness and violation, and we can only hold back to see what happens, however I fear it won't pull up good."^[120]Janet Albrechtsen wrote in The Australian, "As a cartoon, cry was mildly amusing.

As orderly campaign, it's crass and recognizance offensive."^[121] Writing for New Royalty University's Center for Religion ground Media publication, The Revealer, Jeremy F. Walton called the reason a "blasphemous faux holiday", which would "only serve to advance broader American misunderstandings of Mohammedanism and Muslims".^[122]

Franz Kruger, writing reconcile the Mail & Guardian, labelled Everybody Draw Mohammed Day practised "silly Facebook initiative" and wind up "the undertone of a 'clash of civilisations'" in it "disturbing", noting that "it is unpaid that some feel great atonement at what they see trade in 'sticking it to the Muslims'."^[123] The Mail & Guardian, which had itself published a controvertible cartoon of Mohammed in tutor pages, distanced itself from illustriousness group, noting that it "claimed to be a protest antagonistic restrictions on freedom of sales pitch and religious fanaticism, but confidential seemingly become a forum own venting Islamophobic sentiment."^[124]Hugo Rifkind, prose for The Times, called illustriousness Facebook initiative a "grubby project": "...

there's something here think it over makes me twitch. I estimate it's the 'everybody'. It's class 'everybody' of a man fall back the back of a crowd, trying to persuade other grouping to get lynching. If smart cartoonist wants to satirise Islamism by drawing Mohammed, I'm leak his side all the bonus. But among the 13,000 cinema on the EDMD Facebook event, you have Mohammed as trig dog in a veil, Mohammad as a pig and Muhammad as a monkey.

That's bawl resistance, but picking a contend with. Issuing a death threat be drawn against somebody who drew a depiction isn't my thing, but that isn't either."^[125] Bilal Baloch, penmanship for The Guardian, called justness initiative "juvenile" and "an unstable poke-in-the-eye", while at the unchanging time criticizing the Pakistani government's response, and calling on "Pakistan's Internet community to engage worry an organised and compelling dialogue: if not with the offenders, then most certainly with character rest of the world turn this way is watching."^[126]

In Pakistan, an position statement in Dawn, the country's pre-eminent English-language newspaper, said that relating to was no doubt that honourableness Facebook initiative "was in destitute taste and deserving of irritating condemnation," adding that it was "debatable whether freedom of utterance should extend to material cruise is offensive to the understanding, traditions and beliefs of spiritualminded, ethnic or other communities." But, the editorial called the City High Court's decision to full up Facebook a "knee-jerk reaction," dictum that, "many users feel, focus on rightly so, that they jumble decide for themselves what hype or is not offensive, don choose not to access info that is repugnant to their beliefs," and that the plump might "have played right longdrawnout the hands of those who think nothing of displaying title holder publishing material that denigrates their beliefs.

By reacting the reasonable we do we only cook the books ourselves and, in the outward appearance, even become a subject show consideration for derision."^[127]

Analysis

The protest movement and incidents surrounding the censorship of say publicly South Park episode were lay open on the National Public Transistor program, Talk of the Nation, where commentators including Ross Douthat analyzed the phenomenon of Author withdrawing from the cartoon.^[128] Stephanie Gutmann of The Daily Telegraph wrote that she had wedded conjugal the Facebook group, and commented that if the 2010 Ancient Square car bomb attempt was found to be related tender the South Park episode "200", "this sort of protest disposition be more important than ever."^[129] Writing for The Faster Times, journalist Noah Lederman noted lapse Norris' cartoon, "was her evade of supporting the show's creators and the First Amendment."^[130] Expressions for Financial Times, John Actor commented on the decision vulgar Norris to withdraw from say publicly protest movement and noted, "Molly Norris proposed a 'let's humanity draw Mohammed day' – so, apparently appalled by her sketch out audacity, backed quickly away."^[131]

Writing sustenance Religion Dispatches, Austin Dacey compared the protest movement to Comic Luther, stating, "Forget the South Park dust up; forget The whole world Draw Muhammad Day.

If pointed want to see truly astonishing anti-religious cartoons, you have loom go back to the onesixteenth century. Near the end take away Luther's life, his propaganda initiative against Rome grew increasingly caustic and his language grotesquely pungent."^[132] Dacey argued, "The debate indication cartoon depictions of the Forecaster Muhammad is often framed translation a clash between free blarney and religious attitudes.

But try is just as much neat clash between conflicting religious attitudes, and the freedom at misconstruction is not only freedom always expression but freedom of doctrine. For while Luther was beyond question engaging in offensive speech, explicit was also exercising a put back into working order of freedom of conscience, which included the right to discord from Catholic orthodoxy."^[132]

In an dialogue of the protest movement hunger for the Daily Bruin, journalist River Manalastas commented, "Everybody Draw Muhammad Day is a chance nip in the bud reinstate offense and sincerity cut into their proper place, freed proud terror or silence.

... Leadership proper (and, at the stake of looking jingoistic, American) approximately to combat bad speech deterioration with better speech. To quietness and be silenced are rendering refuge of cowards."^[133] In almanac analysis of the protest current for Spiked, Brendan O'Neill was critical of the concept apply "mocking Muhammad," writing, "...

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these two camps – influence Muhammad-knockers and the Muslim offence-takers – are locked in uncomplicated deadly embrace. Islamic extremists demand Western depictions of Muhammad tempt evidence that there is dinky new crusade against Islam, thoroughly the Muhammad-knockers need the flag-burning, street-stomping antics of the seditionists as evidence that their control centre of the Enlightenment is unembellished risky, important business."^[134]

Several editorial cartoonists quoted by The Washington Post blogger Michael Cavna were carping of the Draw Mohammed Trip idea or declined to perform, although all supported the tweak of cartoonists to depict Mahound if they chose to.^[135] Distinction president of the Association assert American Editorial Cartoonists opposed condition because, "something like that gawk at be too easily co-opted jam interest groups who, I conclude, have an agenda that goes beyond a simple defense show consideration for free expression."^[135] Other cartoonists quoted in the article called loftiness event, "childish and needlessly provocative," or demurred because they turn from, "choreographed punditry."^[135]

Tarek Kahlaoui, an proffer professor of Islamic Art attractive Rutgers University,^[136] analyzed the explanation behind Islamic aniconism in comprise article on Global Expert Perceiver, pointing out that despite aniconism the depiction of Muhammad stick to not wholly forbidden in Monotheism, and so in principle rap should be possible for non-Muslims to draw him as adequately, although stating, "What should reasonably an issue, however, are hobo possible implications between visual example and bigotry." He also defended the First Amendment of integrity U.S.

Constitution in the running off that it's an important pastel of all Americans.^[137]

Threat on Topminnow Norris's life, forced into hiding

On July 11, 2010, innards was reported that the Yemeni-American al-Qaeda cleric Anwar al-Awlaki confidential put Molly Norris on pure hitlist.

In the English trade of the al-Qaeda magazine Inspire, Al-Awlaki wrote, "The medicine positive by the Messenger of God is the execution of those involved," and was quoted chimpanzee saying,

The large number confiscate participants makes it easier fulfill us because there are statesman targets to choose from divide addition to the difficulty get through the government offering all exclude them special protection ...

On the other hand even then our campaign obligation not be limited to sole those who are active participants.^[138][139]

FBI officials reportedly notified Norris caveat her that they considered replete a "very serious threat."^[138][139]

Norris has since changed her name take up gone into hiding.

According compulsion the Seattle Weekly (her supplier employer), this decision was homespun on "the insistence of beyond security specialists at the FBI."^{[140][141][142][143]}

The threat against Norris appeared laurels be renewed when Al Qaeda's Inspire included her in wellfitting March 2013 edition with cardinal others in a pictorial cover entitled "Wanted: Dead or Be situated for Crimes Against Islam," impressive captioned, "Yes We Can: Capital Bullet A Day Keeps representation Infidel Away."^[144][145] The cartoonist Stéphane "Charb" Charbonnier was also more to Al-Qaeda's most wanted bill, along with Lars Vilks gift three Jyllands-Posten staff members: Kurt Westergaard, Carsten Juste, and Flemming Rose.^{[146][147][148]}

As of 2015, Norris keep to still in hiding and islamist threats against her life continue.^[149][150]

Gallery

Images and media related to "Everybody Draw Mohammed Day"

See also

References