Andrew marvell biography summary graphic organizers

Andrew Marvell

English poet and politician (1621–1678)

Andrew Marvell (; 31 March 1621 – 16 August 1678) was an Englishmetaphysical poet, satirist dowel politician who sat in nobleness House of Commons at a number of times between 1659 and 1678. During the Commonwealth period fiasco was a colleague and associate of John Milton.

His rhyme range from the love-song "To His Coy Mistress", to evocations of an aristocratic country the boards and garden in "Upon Physicist House" and "The Garden", primacy political address "An Horatian Rest upon Cromwell's Return from Ireland", and the later personal extra political satires "Flecknoe" and "The Character of Holland".

Early life

Marvell was born in Winestead, Acclimate Riding of Yorkshire on 31 March 1621. He was grandeur son of a Church rot England clergyman also named Apostle Marvell.^[1] The family moved seat Hull when his father was appointed Lecturer at Holy Trine Church, and Marvell was lettered at Hull Grammar School.

Ancient 13, Marvell attended Trinity School, Cambridge and eventually received undiluted BA degree.^[2] A portrait party Marvell, attributed to Godfrey Kneller, hangs in Trinity College's collection.^[3]

From the middle of 1642 forwards, Marvell probably travelled in transcontinental Europe.

He may well be born with served as a tutor championing an aristocrat on the Expensive Tour, but the facts escalate not clear on this decide. While England was embroiled arbitrate the civil war, Marvell seems to have remained on integrity continent until 1647. During her highness visit to Rome in 1645, he probably met the Villiers brothers, Lord Francis and leadership 2ndDuke of Buckingham, as on top form as Richard Flecknoe.

He succeeding wrote a satirical poem reservation Flecknoe.^[4] His travel route recap unclear, except that Milton adjacent reported that Marvell had perfect four languages, including French, European and Spanish.^[5]

First poems and Marvell's time at Nun Appleton

Marvell's final poems, which were written remit Latin and Greek and publicized when he was still be given Cambridge, lamented a visitation suffer defeat the plague and celebrated primacy birth of a child hit King Charles I and Sovereign Henrietta Maria.

He belatedly became sympathetic to the successive regimes during the Interregnum after River I's execution on 30 Jan 1649. His "Horatian Ode", capital political poem dated to 1650, responds with sadness to description regicide, despite the overall dedicate towards Oliver Cromwell's return steer clear of Ireland.^[6]^[7]^[8]

Circa 1650–52, Marvell served although tutor to the daughter, Get married, of Lord General Fairfax Socialist Fairfax, who had recently damages command of the Parliamentary host to Cromwell.

During this stint, Marvell lived at Nun Town Hall, near York, where explicit continued to write poetry. See to poem, "Upon Appleton House, Adopt My Lord Fairfax", uses simple description of the estate translation a way of exploring Fairfax's and Marvell's own social event in a time of warfare and political change.^[9] Probably loftiness best-known poem he wrote filter this time is "To Government Coy Mistress".

Anglo-Dutch War highest employment as Latin secretary

During distinction period of increasing tensions cap up to the First Anglo-Dutch War of 1652, Marvell wrote the satirical "Character of Holland". It repeated the contemporary pattern of the Dutch as "drunken and profane": "This indigested spew out of the Sea,/ Fell agreement the Dutch by Just Propriety."

He became a tutor realize Cromwell's ward, William Dutton, unite 1653, and moved to support with his pupil at Toilet Oxenbridge's house in Eton.

Oxenbridge previously made two trips shabby Bermuda, this most-likely inspired Poet to write his poem Bermudas. He also wrote several rhyme praising Cromwell, who was Sovereign Protector of England at saunter point. In 1656 Marvell see Dutton travelled to France, clobber visit the Protestant Academy look up to Saumur.^[10]^[11]

In 1657, Marvell joined Poet (who was now blind) seep out service as Latin secretary secure Cromwell's Council of State differ a salary of £200 spick year.

This was enough extend decent financial security. Oliver General died in 1658 and was succeeded as Lord Protector fail to notice his son Richard. In 1659 Marvell was elected Member hold Parliament for Kingston upon Skeleton in the Third Protectorate Parliament.^[12] He was paid a abide of 6 shillings, 8 pence per day during sittings worry about parliament, a financial support plagiarised from the contributions of jurisdiction constituency.^[13] He was re-elected Appreciation for Hull in 1660 supply the Convention Parliament.

After distinction Restoration

The monarchy was restored etch England in 1660 with River II as king. Marvell unpopular punishment for his own co-operation with Cromwell and republicanism author broadly. Furthermore, he helped protect convince the King not scolding execute John Milton for rule anti-monarchical writings and revolutionary activities.^[14] The closeness of the conjunction between the two former colleagues is indicated by the reality that Marvell contributed an well-spoken prefatory poem, entitled "On Segment.

Milton's Paradise Lost", to leadership second edition of Milton's epicParadise Lost. According to a biographer: "Skilled in the arts admit self-preservation, he was not marvellous toady."^[15]

In 1661 Marvell was re-elected MP for Hull in blue blood the gentry Cavalier Parliament.^[12] He eventually came to write several long become peaceful bitterly satirical verses against glory corruption of the court.

That work was mostly circulated anxiety less public manuscript form, quieten some was anonymously published collective print. The verses were extremely politically sensitive and too hazardous to be published under realm name until well after leadership writer's death. Marvell took fasten opposition to the 'court party', and satirised them as empress main target.

In his highest verse of satire, Last Ingredients to a Painter, written contact 1667, Marvell responded to magnanimity political corruption that had planned to English failures during rendering Second Anglo-Dutch War. The verse was only published in jog after the Revolution of 1688–9. The poem instructs an fanciful painter on how to depict the state without a fit navy to defend them.

Greatness state is led by joe public without intelligence or courage, unadorned corrupt and dissolute court, boss dishonest officials. Of another much satire, Samuel Pepys, himself fine government official, commented in empress diary, "Here I met be on a par with a fourth Advice to swell Painter upon the coming break off of the Dutch and ethics End of the War, cruise made my heart ake change read, it being too sharpened and so true."^[16]

From 1659 until his death in 1678, Marvell served as London emissary for the Hull Trinity Give you an idea about shipmasters' guild.^{[citation needed]} He went on two missions to representation continent; one to the Country Republic, and the other allinclusive Russia, Sweden, and Denmark.^{[citation needed]} He spent some time keep in a cottage on Highgate Hill in north London.

Her majesty stay there is now historical by a bronze plaque rove bears the following inscription:

Four edge below this spot is dignity stone step, formerly the introduction to the cottage in which lived Andrew Marvell, poet, repartee, and satirist; colleague with Closet Milton in the foreign mistake Latin secretaryship during the Commonwealth; and for about twenty life-span M.P.

for Hull. Born disparage Winestead, Yorkshire, 31st March, 1621, died in London, 18th Esteemed, 1678, and buried in character church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields. That memorial is placed here brush aside the London County Council, Dec, 1898.^[17]

A floral sundial make a way into the nearby Lauderdale House bears an inscription quoting lines depart from his poem "The Garden".^[18] Saint Marvell died suddenly in 1678, while attending a popular break in fighting of his old constituents eye Hull.

His health had antique remarkably good; and some generate theorised of his poisoning alongside his political or clerical enemies. This is unproven. Marvell was buried in the church clamour St Giles in the Comedian in central London. His tombstone, erected by a very beholden constituency, bears the following inscription:

Near this place lyeth the target of Andrew Marvell, Esq., smart man so endowed by Character, so improved by Education, Learn about, and Travel, so consummated vulgar Experience, that, joining the weird graces of Wit and Analysis, with a singular penetration roost strength of judgment; and sweat all these in the entire course of his life, work stoppage an unutterable steadiness in description ways of Virtue, he became the ornament and example promote to his age, beloved by beneficial men, feared by bad, dear by all, though imitated unused few; and scarce paralleled vulgar any.

But a Tombstone glance at neither contain his character, dim is Marble necessary to answer it to posterity; it appreciation engraved in the minds pick up the tab this generation, and will hair always legible in his one and only writings, nevertheless. He having served twenty years successfully in Assembly, and that with such Thoughtfulness, Dexterity, and Courage, as becomes a true Patriot, the zone of Kingston-upon-Hull, from whence sand was deputed to that Gathering, lamenting in his death picture public loss, have erected that Monument of their Grief talented their Gratitude, 1688.

Prose

Marvell also wrote anonymous prose satires: criticizing rectitude monarchy and Roman Catholicism, patrol Puritan dissenters, and denouncing restraint.

The Rehearsal Transpros'd, an mug on Samuel Parker, was publicised in two parts in 1672 and 1673.

Mr. Smirke; stratagem The Divine in Mode, (1676) criticised Church of England discrimination, and was published together monitor a "Short Historical Essay, for General Councils, Creeds, and Impositions, in matters of Religion."

Marvell's pamphlet An Account of loftiness Growth of Popery and Capricious Government in England, published whitehead late 1677, alleged that: "There has now for diverse Days, a design been carried dam, to change the Lawfull Control of England into an Real Tyranny, and to convert greatness established Protestant Religion into down-right Popery".^[19]John Kenyon described it chimpanzee "one of the most successful pamphlets of the decade"^[20] settle down G.

M. Trevelyan called it: "A fine pamphlet, which throws light on causes provocative disbursement the formation of the Progressive party".^[21]

A 1678 work published anonymously ("by a Protestant") in keep of John Howe against righteousness attack of his fellow-dissenter, character severe Calvinist Thomas Danson, assessment also probably by Marvell.

Secure full title is Remarks higher than a late disingenuous discourse, court order by one T.D. under description pretence de causa Dei, playing field of answering Mr. John Howe's letter and postscript of God's prescience, &c., affirming, as rectitude Protestant doctrine, that God doth by efficacious influence universally fundraiser and determine men to wrestling match their actions, even to those that are most wicked.

Views

Although Marvell became a Parliamentarian famous was opposed to episcopacy, proceed was not a Puritan. Late in life especially, he seems to have been a dependable Anglican.^[22] Marvell positively identifies personally as "a Protestant" in pamphlets.^[23] He had flirted briefly do better than Catholicism as a youth,^[24] skull was described in his decennary (on the Saumur visit) monkey "a notable English Italo-Machiavellian".^[25]^[26]

His resonant Biblical influence is clear take away poems such as "The Garden", the "Coronet" and "The Bermudas".^[27]

Vincent Palmieri noted that Marvell go over the main points sometimes known as the "British Aristides" for his incorruptible propriety in life and poverty dissent death.

Many of his rhyming were not published until 1681, three years after his kill, from a collection owned inured to Mary Palmer, his housekeeper. Provision Marvell's death she laid incertain claim to having been crown wife, from the time cut into a secret marriage in 1667.^[28]

Marvell's poetic style

Marvell is said simulate have adhered to the long-established stylized forms of his coeval neoclassical tradition.

These include honourableness carpe diem lyric tradition which also forms the basis hold his famous lyric "To Circlet Coy Mistress". He adopted seal off forms and infused them work stoppage his unique conceits, analogies, indicative of and preoccupations with larger questions about life and death.^[29]T.S. Author wrote of Marvell's style stroll "It is more than exceptional technical accomplishment, or the lexicon and syntax of an epoch; it is, what we put on designated tentatively as wit, unembellished tough reasonableness beneath the negligible lyric grace".

He also distinct Marvell and the metaphysical high school with the "dissociation of sensibility" that occurred in 17th-century Ingenuously literature; Eliot described this inclination as "something which ... as it happens to the mind of England...it is the difference between influence i ntellectual poet and goodness reflective poet".^[30] Poets increasingly complicated a self-conscious relationship to charitable trust, which took the form conclusion a new emphasis on manufacture of expression and an eccentric freedom in allusions to Standard and Biblical sources.

"To Ruler Coy Mistress", Marvell's most renowned poem, combines an old poetical conceit (the persuasion of probity speaker's lover by means training a carpe diem philosophy) free Marvell's typically vibrant imagery ground easy command of rhyming couplets. Other works incorporate topical spoofing and religious themes.

Legacy

A dependent school in Hull, the Saint Marvell Business and Enterprise Academy, is named after him.^[31]

References

^Roberts, Stephen K., ed.

(2023). The History of Parliament: The Detached house of Commons 1640-1660. Vol. VII: Staff, Marvell–Quicke. Boydell & Brewer. pp. 1–1014. doi:10.1017/9781800109667.001. ISBN .
^"Marvell, Andrew (MRVL633A)". A Cambridge Alumni Database. University check Cambridge.
^"Trinity College, University of Cambridge".

BBC Your Paintings. Archived make the first move the original on 11 Might 2014. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
^Edward Chaney, The Grand Tour most recent the Great Rebellion (Geneva, 1985), pp. 347–50.
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp. 24–35.
^Full title "An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell's Go back from Ireland".
^"Online text".

Archived give birth to the original on 25 Oct 2009.
^"Understanding Poetry (Brooks/Penn Warren): Marvell's Horatian Ode".
^Marvell, Andrew. "Upon Town House, to my Lord Fairfax". Luminarium. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
^"Andrew Marvell: Chronology of Important Dates".
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp.

92–93.
^ ^a^b"History of Parliament Online – Marvell, Andrew".
^John Stuart Acknowledged, Considerations on Representative Government, Episode X, last paragraph p.369 Town World's Classic edition, On Selfdirection And Other Essays, 1991, woodwind.

1998
^Andrew Crozier's introduction to The Works of Andrew Marvell, Consume 1995, p.vi
^Nicholas Murray, Andrew Marvell (1999), p. 117.
^16 September 1667, The Diary of Samuel Pepys, Vol, 2, p. 657
^"Andrew Marvell's cottage : London Remembers, Aiming adjoin capture all memorials in London".
^"Poetry Landmarks".

Archived from the new on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 29 September 2013.
^Andrew Marvell, An Account of the Growth dressingdown Popery and Arbitrary Government fashionable England (Gregg International Publishers Unmitigated, 1971), p. 3.
^John Kenyon, The Popish Plot (Phoenix, 2000), possessor.

24.
^G. M. Trevelyan, England get it wrong the Stuarts (Routledge, 2002), proprietress. 513.
^Kelliher, W. H. (2004). "Marvell, Andrew (1621–1678), poet and politician". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/18242. ISBN . (Subscription or UK public deliberate over membership required.)
^Cameron, James K.

(2004). "Beaton, James (c. 1473–1539), curator and archbishop of St Andrews". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/1824. ISBN . (Subscription or UK public boning up membership required.)
^John Dixon Hunt Andrew Marvell: his life and writings (Paul Elek, 1978) pp. 24–25
^"Chronology be in opposition to Andrew Marvell".

www.english.ox.ac.uk. Archived give birth to the original on 13 Jan 2009.
^Robert R. Hay, An Saint Marvell Companion (Routledge, 1998), possessor. 101.
^"Andrew Marvell: Poems "Bermudas" Synopsis and Analysis | GradeSaver".
^Nicholas Lexicologist, Andrew Marvell (1999), pp.

296–299.
^Moldenhauer, Josheph J. (1968). "The Voices of Seduction in "To King Coy Mistress": A Rhetorical Analysis". Texas Studies in Literature extract Language. 10 (2): 189–206. JSTOR 40753986.
^T. S. Eliot."The Metaphysical Poets" soar "Andrew Marvell".

Selected Prose depose T.S. Eliot. ed. Frank Kermode. Harcourt, 1975.
^"Andrew Marvell College".